Supported by the growing and continuous development of nanotechnologies, nano-bio-photonics in the latest decades has led to a real technological revolution in the healthcare sector. The unique ability of light to interact with matter on a Nano metric scale can be exploited to perform molecular-level analysis, favoring on one hand a greater understanding of the origin of the disease (for the prevention and diagnosis) and on the other hand providing new techniques and approaches for treating the diseases themselves. Nano-scale integration of bio-photonic components and devices allows to perform detections and measurements quickly, sensibly and accurately and results to be particularly useful for point-of-care applications.